Eleventh Circuit Cracks Down on Airport Seizures

By John R. Byrne

In the post 9-11 world, getting through airport security can be a real pain in the keister. You got to take off your shoes (thanks for that, Richard Reid), your belt, put your laptop in a separate bin, etc., etc.). But the Clayton County P.D. in Atlanta added another fun wrinkle: purportedly random stops of TSA-cleared passengers on jet bridges that involved questioning about contraband and additional searches. 

Two black passengers named Eric Andre and Clayton English--who both also happen to be celebrity comedians--claimed these stops weren't so random and that the department selectively targeted black passengers.

The Eleventh Circuit held that the plaintiffs didn't plausibly allege a discriminatory purpose. But it also held that, if what the Plaintiffs said about the stops was true, the County's "drug interdiction program"constituted a policy and custom of unlawful seizures that violated the Fourth Amendment. 

If you have a connecting flight in Atlanta anytime soon, may want to read this one in its entirety!

Opinion here.

See Ya Later, Alligator: Judge Williams says no more Alligator Alcatraz

 Here's the 82 page order.  

The Everglades just got a reprieve. Judge Kathleen Williams granted in part and denied in part a motion for preliminary injunction in Friends of the Everglades v. Noem. The case challenges plans to convert the Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport—smack in the middle of Big Cypress National Preserve—into a massive detention facility.

The bottom line is that no more detainees can be sent to the facility and much of it needs to be dismantled. 

From the conclusion (without the footnotes):

For the reasons set forth above, it is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED as follows: 

1. For the purposes of Defendants becoming compliant with their obligations under NEPA, the Court GRANTS IN PART AND DENIES IN PART Plaintiffs’ Motion for a Preliminary Injunction (DE 5), as follows: 

2. The Court ENTERS a Preliminary Injunction prohibiting the State and Federal Defendants39 and their officers, agents, employees, attorneys, and any person who is in active concert or participation with them from (1) installing any additional industrial-style lighting (described by witnesses as “Sunbelt” lighting); or doing any paving, filling, excavating, or fencing; or doing any other site expansion, including placing or erecting any additional buildings, tents, dormitories, or other residential or administrative facilities on the TNT site; and (2) bringing any additional persons onto the TNT site who were not already being detained at the site at the time of this Order going into effect. The Preliminary Injunction does not prohibit modification or repairs to existing facilities, which are solely for the purpose of increasing safety or mitigating environmental or other risks at the site. 

3. The Preliminary Injunction shall include among those “who are in active concert or participation with” the State or Federal Defendants or their officers, agents, employees, or attorneys, and thus prohibited from conducting the activities specified above, any contractors, subcontractors, or any other individuals or entities authorized to conduct work on the TNT site or provide detainee transportation or detention services. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(2)(C) (including “other persons who are in active concert or participation with” the parties or the parties’ officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys among those bound by any injunction). 

4. No later than sixty (60) days from the date of this order, and once the population attrition allows for safe implementation of this Order,40 the Defendants shall remove 1) the temporary fencing installed by Defendants to allow Tribe members access to the site consistent with the access they enjoyed before the erection of the detention camp; 2) the Sunbelt lighting fixtures and any additional lighting installed for the use of the property as a detention facility; and 3) all generators, gas, sewage, and other waste and waste receptacles that were installed to support this project. 

5. Finally, Plaintiffs shall post a bond of $100. See BellSouth Telecomm., Inc. v. MCImetro Access Transmission Servs., LLC, 425 F.3d 964, 971 (11th Cir. 2005) (internal citations omitted) (“the amount of security required by the rule is a matter within the discretion of the trial court”).  

SDFLA Bench & Bar Conference

Who's in?  It looks like a wonderful conference.  September 12 at the Miami Beach Convention Center.  You can RSVP here.

I'm biased, of course, but this particular panel -- moderated by my partner Margot Moss -- looks especially interesting:

 

Shipwrecked!

By John R. Byrne

"Two 16th-century storylines set the stage for the sinking of la Trinité and France’s doomed efforts to colonize Florida. The first is one of empire: France, England, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands all hungered for new lands, new trade routes, and new resources in the so-called New World. The second is one of religion: Europe, long united in faith under the Catholic Church, fractured and descended into religious wars as the Protestant Reformation spread from kingdom to kingdom."

Is this the opening passage of a riveting non-fiction book about the fate of a cursed French ship? No! It's the background section of an Eleventh Circuit opinion that came out yesterday. The case involved a fight over the sunken remains of la Trinité, a French ship which sank off the coast of Cape Canaveral in 1565. In 2016, a company called Global Marine Exploration, Inc. (which in my head I'm imagining as the equivalent to Bill Paxton's crew from the movie Titanic) discovered the remains of the ship. But France called dibs, resulting in this litigation. 

In the end, the Eleventh Circuit held that the Sunken Military Craft Act (yes, this exists) barred Global Marine’s lawsuit because la Trinité was on military noncommercial service when it sank. But in getting to this holding, Chief Judge Pryor recounts an intriguing aspect of Florida history that involved warring battle ships, a devastating hurricane, and beheadings. Opinion here. 

It's all Alligator Alcatraz (UPDATED with full order)

 As we wait Judge Williams' decision on whether to issue a permanent injunction, another Alcatraz case was assigned to Judge Rudy Ruiz. 

Below is a portion of his 47-page order transferring the case to the Middle District (UPDATE -- here's a link to the full order):

Update: Judge Ruiz orders ACLU Alligator Alcatraz case be moved from the Southern District of FL to The Middle District of FL where Collier County falls under.

Dismisses the fifth amendment claim because the federal government announced Krome as the immigration court for AA. https://t.co/wf6dK4gS0T pic.twitter.com/61SgfOGZCl

— Churchill Ndonwie (@ChurchillNdonwi) August 19, 2025

  And here's the Miami Herald coverage:

Saying circumstances had changed, a federal judge in Miami dismissed a key claim in a lawsuit over Alligator Alcatraz detainees’ access to courts and legal services on Monday and moved the case to a different district.

U.S. District Judge Rodolfo A. Ruiz II wrote in a 47-page ruling that the lawsuit by lawyers and detainees at the Everglades immigration detention camp belonged in the Middle District of Florida because that court oversees legal disputes in Collier County, where the facility is largely located. He ordered the case transferred. But first, he said an allegation that Alligator Alcatraz detainees had no access to immigration courts was rendered moot when the Trump administration in recent days designated Krome North Processing Center in west Miami-Dade County as the venue for detainees’ cases to be heard.

The designation came more than a month after the first detainees were brought to Alligator Alcatraz. But Ruiz wrote that there was nothing more to be done and tossed a claim alleging violations of detainees’ Fifth Amendment rights. That left one claim — alleging a lack of confidential and swift access to attorneys in violation of the First Amendment — alive. “Prudence in this matter has revealed changed circumstances, a moot claim, and improper venue warranting transfer,” Ruiz wrote. Ruiz’s ruling came hours after he gathered attorneys on the case in his courtroom to debate a request by the American Civil Liberties Union and other plaintiffs to force the state and federal governments to identify an immigration court for the facility and a confidential channel for detainees to talk with their attorneys. The lack of an official immigration court designated to handle cases for detainees held at the makeshift detention camp has been a chief sticking point for lawyers, who said the issue was a violation of detainees’ Fifth Amendment rights. Immigration attorneys said their clients initially began receiving hearings at Krome after Alligator Alcatraz opened in early July, but that quickly ended, leaving detainees unable to petition the courts for bond.

RIP Gerry Spence

Just weeks after this blog reflected on the passing of Miami’s own Roy Black, the criminal defense bar has lost another giant: Gerry L. Spence, the Wyoming-born trial lawyer whose folksy charm, moral conviction, and unbroken string of jury wins made him one of the most celebrated advocates in American history. Spence died peacefully at his Montecito, California, home on August 13, 2025. He was 96.

I always like watching him talk for a few minutes about the burden of proof.  

Born January 8, 1929, in Laramie, Wyoming, Spence rose from modest roots to become a national figure in both civil and criminal trials. His résumé reads like a highlight reel: the $10.5 million verdict for nuclear whistleblower Karen Silkwood’s estate; the acquittal of Imelda Marcos; the defense of Randy Weaver after the Ruby Ridge standoff; and multimillion-dollar civil verdicts against corporate titans like McDonald’s.

In the early 1990s, Spence founded the Trial Lawyers College on his Thunderhead Ranch, where he trained a generation of lawyers in his signature approach — authentic storytelling, emotional connection, and unshakable courage. Known for his trademark fringed buckskin jacket, he was also a prolific author, penning titles like How to Argue and Win Every Time and The Making of a Country Lawyer.

Spence is survived by his wife of 57 years, LaNelle “Imaging” Spence, his children, and the countless clients and lawyers whose lives he touched. Like Roy Black, he believed the courtroom was a place not just to win, but to stand for something larger — and in doing so, he left a legacy that will endure well beyond the cases he tried.

Jason Reding Quinones sworn in

Congratulations to Mr. Reding Quinones! He was sworn in today in Washington DC by AG Pam Bondi.

 

Field Trip!

Well, almost.  This is such a great story (via the Miami Herald):

A Miami judge overseeing an environmental lawsuit seeking to shut down Alligator Alcatraz said Tuesday at the end of a contentious afternoon of witness testimony that she would like to take up Attorney General James Uthmeier on his invitation to visit the Everglades immigration detention center. Surprising attorneys for the DeSantis administration, U.S. District Judge Kathleen Williams said she’d heard Uthmeier extend an invitation to visit the detention camp during an Aug. 8 Fox Business interview in which he referred to her as a “leftist, activist judge.” “I invite the judges, come visit these facilities,” said Uthmeier, who also referenced a different federal lawsuit in Miami about detainees’ access to lawyers and courts.  

Alas, it doesn't look like it's going to happen:

Williams said she had interpreted the invitation to be serious. When the state’s lawyers said they had no knowledge of an official invitation, she said she had been in contact with the U.S. Marshalls about a possible site visit and was prepared to go this week. Williams dropped the issue when state lawyers reiterated their surprise.